Batteries suitable for use in solar cell systems is a high-capacity battery Or Deep Cycle, which will look different from wet batteries or batteries that use conventional automotive systems.
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The aforementioned batteries are suitable for use with solar cell systems. Because inside there is a lead sheet that is thicker. causing the internal resistance of the battery to be high able to supply electricity Even if the current is not high for a longer time and do not harm oneself battery as well
In addition, the use of electrical systems derived from solar cell systems. It will be used in a way to store electric charge with the battery during the day. Then use it at night when there is no sunlight, so choosing the size of the battery must be suitable for the size of the solar panel. The suitable size of the battery is about 6-8 times the size of the solar cell according to the exposure hours.
For example, suppose a 120W solar panel, we will need a battery size of 72-96 A:H (ampere per hour). A:H If choosing size The battery is too small. In addition to making the charge less then It also results in the loss of energy within the battery. and cannot be stored for use as well
5. Choosing a solar cell panel (Solar Cell : PV)
Choosing a solar panel will be considered according to the usage or the needs of the system, of which there are many types of solar cells as described in the first chapter. But that has been popular and used widely. In which we would like to talk about solar cells that are commonly installed to use with appliances or electrical devices that are quite powerful. It will present the advantages and disadvantages of solar cells in 2 forms, MonoCrystalline and PolyCrystalline, for the purpose of presenting the project in next chapter
Advantages and disadvantages of solar cells that are commonly used today.
- Single crystal silicon
strength
more efficient in receiving sunlight
Easy to find peripherals
Takes up little installation space
Has a service life of more than 20 years.
weakness
Hard to find and expensive
Poor performance in low light
weigh more
- Polysilicon
strength
Easy to find and cheap
Easy to find peripherals
lighter
Takes up little installation space
Has a service life of more than 20 years
weakness
less effective in receiving sunlight
Poor performance in low light
design of solar cell system
design of solar cell system When there is a device that is necessary for the system to be connected to the system must find the values in each section in order which has the following example
Determination of the actual wattage used. By requiring that there are 3 types of electrical equipment that are turned off and on at different times
finding the inverter For the equipment used, it must not be less than the total wattage of all electrical equipment.
Finding the capacity of the battery which can be calculated from the following formula
When PV = wattage of solar cell (Watt)
Q = Value of light energy received: Day (about 4 KW-Hour/ Sq m)
C = cell loss value (about 0.8)
H = Thermal loss (about 0.85)
I = Inverter efficiency (about 0.8-0.9)
D = value of light intensity on earth (about 1 kW: Sq m)
So, PV = Watt-Hour per day / (Q x C x H x H / D)
Therefore, PV = 353 / (4000 × 0.80 × 0.85 × 0.85 / 1000) = 152.68 W.
That is, the suitable size of solar panel for use is 160 W.
Finding a battery charge controller Must have a wattage not less than the solar panel. which can be calculated which the controller can be obtained from the following formula
C_(Batt.)=PV/V_(Batt.)
When C_(Batt.)= Ampere
PV = wattage of solar cell (Watt)
V_(Batt.)=Battery Volt (Volt)
So C_(Batt.)= 160\/12
C_(Batt.)= 13.33A
Suitable battery charger = 12 Volt 15 Ampere
